Apparatus, system and method of tearing down a protocol adaptation layer (pal) session

ABSTRACT

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, systems and/or methods of tearing down a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) session. For example, an apparatus may include a first PAL communication unit to control a PAL connection, over a PAL, between a first device and a second device, the first PAL communication unit is to control the PAL connection during a session with a second PAL communication unit over a communication link, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to tear down the session according to a tear down procedure.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent application No. 61/729,365 entitled “Apparatus,System, and Method of Disconnecting a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL)Link”, filed Nov. 22, 2012, the entire disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to tearing down a ProtocolAdaptation Layer (PAL) session.

BACKGROUND

Some wireless communication technologies may be configured forcommunication of various dedicated services.

For example, the Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) technology, e.g., according tothe Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY SpecificationVersion 1.1, April 2011, Final specification, is designed to carrymultiple dedicated services, such as audio-visual (A/V) and input output(I/O).

The WiGig Alliance (WGA) has defined a set of Protocol AbstractionLayers (PALs), e.g., a WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) PAL and a WiGigDisplay Extension (WDE) PAL, that standardize the method of transportingtraffic of specific industry-standard protocols, e.g. Universal SerialBus (USB) and DisplayPort, over the WiGig media access control (MAC)layer.

The WSE defines a WSE host communicating with a WSE device over a WiGigwireless link interface. The WSE host can connect and control severalWSE devices. Each WSE device can include several USB ports, and each USBport can be attached to a USB device or be extended to several ports viaa USB hub.

Since USB devices and/or USB hosts may be configured for communicatingover a physical medium, e.g., a USB cable, there may be a problem toperform some operations, e.g., in an efficient seamless and/ortransparent manner, via the WSE PAL.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an implicit tear down mechanism, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a host-initiated tear down mechanism,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a device-initiated tear down mechanism,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a method of tearing down a session, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a product, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “demonstrativeembodiment,” “various embodiments,” etc., indicate that theembodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure,or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., to describe a commonobject, merely indicate that different instances of like objects arebeing referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects sodescribed must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, inranking, or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, aPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN),a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal AreaNetwork (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA orWiGig) specifications (Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHYSpecification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing WiGig Serial Extension (WSE)protocols (WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) Specification Draft 1.02, August2012) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/ornetworks operating in accordance with existing WiGig Display Extension(WDE) protocols (WDE Draft Specification 1.04, August 2012) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing WiGig Bus Extension (WBE)protocols (WiGig Bus Extension Spec (WBE), Version 1.0 June 2011) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing WiGig Secure Digital (SD)Extension (WSD) protocols (WiGig SD Extension (WSD) PAL SpecificationDraft 1.0 August 2012) and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existingBulk Only Transfer (BOT) Protocols (Universal Serial Bus (USB) MassStorage Class Bulk-Only Transport, Revision 1.0, Sep. 31, 1999) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (IEEE802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunicationsand information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan areanetworks—Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012;IEEE802.11 task group ac (TGac) (“IEEE802.11-09/0308r12—TGac ChannelModel Addendum Document”); IEEE 802.11 task group ad (TGad) (IEEEP802.11ad/D9.0 Draft Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenSystems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment 5: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the60 GHz Band)), and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof,devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE802.16 standards (IEEE-Std 802.16, 2009 Edition, Air Interface for FixedBroadband Wireless Access Systems; IEEE-Std 802.16e, 2005 Edition,Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and MobileOperation in Licensed Bands; amendment to IEEE Std 802.16-2009,developed by Task Group m) and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existingWirelessHD™ specifications and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, andthe like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-DivisionMultiple Access (TDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet RadioService (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA),Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrierCDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT),Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), WiGig, Wi-Fi,Internet-Protocol (IP), Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), GlobalSystem for Mobile communication (GSM), 3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTEadvanced, Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used invarious other devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with suitablelimited-range or short-range wireless communication networks, forexample, a wireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN and thelike. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any othersuitable wireless communication network.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmwave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 30 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequencyband, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, a WiFi band,a P2P band, and the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The term “station” (STA), as used herein, may include any logical entitythat is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC)and a physical layer (PHY) interface to a wireless medium (WM).

The phrase “access point” (AP), as used herein, may include an entitythat contains one station (STA) and provides access to distributionservices, via the WM for associated STAs.

The term “beamforming”, as used herein, may relate to a spatialfiltering mechanism, which may be used at a transmitter and/or areceiver to improve the received signal power or signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) at an intended receiver.

The phrase “non-access-point (non-AP) station (STA)”, as used herein,may relate to a STA that is not contained within an AP.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 40 GHz.

The phrases “DMG STA” and “mmWave STA (mSTA)” may relate to a STA havinga radio transmitter, which is operating on a channel that is within theDMG band.

The phrase “peer to peer (PTP or P2P) communication”, as used herein,may relate to device-to-device communication over a wireless link(“peer-to-peer link”) between a pair of devices. The P2P communicationmay include, for example, wireless communication over a direct linkwithin a QoS basic service set (BSS), a tunneled direct-link setup(TDLS) link, a STA-to-STA communication in an independent basic serviceset (IBSS), or the like.

A wireless P2P wireless communication network (“P2P network” or “P2Pgroup”) may include a plurality of wireless communication devicescapable of supporting device-to device communication.

The phrase “Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL)”, as used herein, mayinclude an abstraction layer configured to enable transporting trafficof at least one predefined protocol over a communication link. Thepredefined standard may include, for example, a specificindustry-standard protocol, e.g. USB, DisplayPort, and the like. The PALmay be above a data link layer, for example, a MAC layer, and/or above atransport layer, e.g., a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or UserDatagram Protocol (UDP), which is above the data link layer. In oneexample, the data link layer may include, for example, a MAC layer of awireless link, e.g., a WiFi MAC layer, a WiGig MAC layer, a P2P MAClayer, and the like. In another example, the PAL may be above atransport layer, e.g., a TCP or UDP, which may be configured fortransporting traffic over an IP network, e.g., a wired or wirelessInternet link and/or Ethernet link.

Some demonstrative embodiment are described herein with respect to a PALconnection over a wireless communication link, for example, a WiGiglink, e.g., as described below. However, other embodiments may include aPAL connection over any other wired or wireless communication MAC layerlink, e.g., an IP link.

The phrase “PAL communication unit”, as used herein, may include acommunication element to manage a PAL connection between a firstarchitectural element, for example, a PAL host, e.g., a USB host, and asecond architectural element, for example, a PAL device, e.g., a USBdevice, over a communication link, e.g., a MAC layer link or a transportlayer link, between the PAL communication unit and another PALcommunication unit.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the PAL communication unit (alsoreferred to as “PAL manager” or “PAL controller”) may perform thefunctionality of, may include, or may be implemented as part of a WSEService Set (WSS). For example, the PAL communication unit may performat least part of the functionality of a WSE device or a WSE host, e.g.,as described below. In other embodiments, the PAL communication unit mayperform the functionality of any other PAL device, element and/ormodule.

The phrase “WSE device”, as used herein, may include, for example, a WSEarchitectural element that integrates, and/or is associated with, atleast one device, e.g., a USB device, and manages transfers, e.g., USBtransfers, targeting the integrated device over a network connection. Inone example, the integrated device may be connected, for example,through a wired USB, e.g., USB cable, USB chip-to-chip interconnect,and/any other technologies. In one example, the integrated device may bepresented through the WSE device to a host as a USB device compliantwith a USB specification, e.g., the USB 2.0 and/or USB 3.0Specifications.

In one example, the WSE device may optionally include any computingplatform, e.g., a portable device, which houses and/or performs thefunctionality of the WSE device and, optionally, one or more additionalelements, e.g., drivers and/or application software, configured toperform the functionality of a peripheral device. In other embodiments,the WSE device may include and/or may be implemented by any otherportable or non-portable device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE device may include USB devicelogic, e.g., for communicating with a USB device according to a USBSpecification, a WSE device PAL, e.g., to control communication over thePAL, and a network interface, e.g., to communicate over thecommunication link. For example, the WSE device PAL may interfacebetween the USB device logic and the network interface, e.g., in atransparent manner. In other embodiments, the WSE device may include anyother elements. In one example, the PAL communication unit may performthe functionality of at least the WSE device PAL.

The phrase “WSE host”, as used herein, may include an architecturalelement of the WSE PAL that includes a communication architecture, e.g.,a WiGig MAC and PHY, and USB host logic, e.g., as defined by a USBspecification, e.g., the USB 2.0 and/or USB 3.0 Specifications.

In one example, the WSE host may optionally include any computingplatform, e.g., a personal computer, which houses and/or performs thefunctionality of the WSE host and, optionally, one or more additionalelements, e.g., drivers and/or application software, configured toperform the functionality of a host device. In other embodiments, theWSE host may include and/or may be implemented by any other portable ornon-portable device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host may include USB hostlogic, e.g., for communicating with a USB host according to a USBSpecification, a WSE host PAL, e.g., to control communication over thePAL, and a network interface, e.g., to communicate over thecommunication link. For example, the WSE host PAL may interface betweenthe USB host logic and the network interface, e.g., in a transparentmanner. In other embodiments, the WSE host may include any otherelements. In one example, the PAL communication unit may perform thefunctionality of at least the WSE host PAL.

An endpoint may include, for example, an architectural element, which isassociated with a first device, which in turn is configured to interfacebetween the endpoint and a second device over a communication link. Forexample, the endpoint may be integrated as part of the first device orconnected to the first device via one or more other devices and/orconnections. The endpoint may be implemented, for example, using anytechnology, e.g., software, hardware and/or any combination thereof. Thefirst device may include and/or interface between one or more endpointsand the second device.

In one example, the first device may include a WSE device and the seconddevice may include a WSE host. For example, the endpoint may belong to aUSB device, e.g., a USB device, which may be integrated into the WSEdevice or connected, e.g., through a wired USB connection, to the WSEdevice, e.g., via a hub integrated into the WSE device.

According to this example, the endpoint may be uniquely identified bythe WSE host. For example, a combination of a WSE device address of theWSE device and a WSE EP handle assigned to the endpoint may uniquelyidentify a USB device endpoint within a WSE service set.

In other examples, the first and second devices may include any other,e.g., non-WSE and/or non-USB, device and the endpoint may perform thefunctionality of any other, e.g., non-USB and/or non-WSE, element.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a blockdiagram of a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude a communication network including one or more communicationdevices, e.g., communication devices 102 and/or 104, capable ofcommunicating content, data, information and/or signals over acommunication medium, for example, a radio channel, an IR channel, a RFchannel, a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) channel, and the like. One or moreelements of system 100 may optionally be capable of communicating overany suitable wired communication links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 104 may include,for example, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, an Ultrabook™, aserver computer, a media center, a mobile internet device, a handheldcomputer, a handheld device, a storage device, a mass storage device, aUSB mass storage (UMS) device, a hard drive, an optical drive, a flashmemory device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device,an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phonefunctionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, avehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, anon-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone,a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communicationdevice, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relativelysmall computing device, a non-desktop computer, a “Carry Small LiveLarge” (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC(UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami” device or computingdevice, a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aSet-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a DigitalVideo Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera(DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 104 may includenetwork interfaces 110 and 120, respectively, to perform communicationover a communication network between communication devices 102 and 104and/or with one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.

Devices 102 and/or 104 may also include, for example, one or more of aprocessor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194,and a storage unit 195. Wireless communication devices 102 and/or 104may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/orsoftware components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all ofthe components of one or more of wireless communication devices 102and/or 104 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may beinterconnected or operably associated using one or more wired orwireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more ofwireless communication devices 102 and/or 104 may be distributed amongmultiple or separate devices.

Processor 191 includes, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), aDigital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, asingle-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor,a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality ofprocessors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits,circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), anApplication-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose orspecific processor or controller. Processor 191 executes instructions,for example, of an Operating System (OS) of wireless communicationdevices 102 and/or 104 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

Input unit 192 includes, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, atouch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, orother suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193includes, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat paneldisplay, a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers orearphones, or other suitable output devices.

Memory unit 194 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), aRead Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM(SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, acache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memoryunit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 includes, forexample, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD)drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable ornon-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195,for example, may store data processed by wireless communication devices102 and/or 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, network interfaces 110 and/or 120 mayinclude wireless communication units, e.g., including radios 111 and121, to communicate over a wireless communication medium. For example,radios 111 and/or 121 may include, or may be associated with, one ormore antennas 107 and/or 108, respectively. Antennas 107 and/or 108 mayinclude any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receivingwireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams,packets, messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 108 mayinclude any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of oneor more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays.Antennas 107 and/or 108 may include, for example, antennas suitable fordirectional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 108 may include a phased array antenna, asingle element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 108 may implementtransmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receiveantenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 108 mayimplement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/orintegrated transmit/receive elements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 111 and/or 121 may include oneor more wireless transmitters, receivers and/or transceivers able tosend and/or receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames,blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/ordata. For example, radios 111 and/or 121 may include or may beimplemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and thelike.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 104 may establish acommunication link 103. Link 103 may be configured for communicationover a data link layer, e.g., the MAC layer, a logical link control(LLC) and/or a transport layer. Link 103 may include an uplink and/or adownlink. For example, the uplink may include a link for communicatingdata from device 104 to device 102, and/or the downlink may include alink for communicating data from device 102 to device 104. The downlinkmay include, for example, a unidirectional link from an AP to one ormore non-AP stations (STAs) or a unidirectional link from a non-APDestination STA to a non-AP Source STA. The uplink may include, forexample, a unidirectional link from a non-AP STA to an AP or aunidirectional link from a non-AP Source STA to a non-AP DestinationSTA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, link 103 may include a wirelesscommunication link, for example, a WiGig link, e.g., as described below.In other embodiments, link 103 may include any other wireless or wiredlink, e.g., an IP link. According to these embodiments, networkinterfaces 110 and/or 120 may include any suitable communication unit,e.g., a wired or wireless communication unit, to communicate over thecommunication network.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 104 may form, or maybe part of, a wireless communication network. The wireless communicationnetwork may include, for example, a P2P network or any other network.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 104 may performthe functionality of DMG stations (“DMG STA”). For example,communication devices 102 and/or 104 may be configured to communicateover the DMG band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a mobiledevice and device 104 may include a docking device to connect device 102to one or more other devices (“peripherals”), for example, including oneor more USB devices, e.g., devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168, and/or anyother device.

For example, device 102 may include, or may be included as part of amobile or portable device, for example, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, an Ultrabook™, aSmartphone, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a PDA device, ahandheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybriddevice, e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA devicefunctionalities, a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehiculardevice, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPSdevice, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, aCSLL device, a UMD, a UMPC, a MID, an “Origami” device or computingdevice, a device that supports DCC, a context-aware device, a videodevice, an audio device, an A/V device, a data source, a Digital Stillcamera (DSC), a media player, or the like.

In one example, device 104 may include a docking device configured toconnect between device 102 and devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168 via oneor more interfaces 139, for example, serial interfaces, e.g., USBinterfaces and/or any other interface. Devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168may include for example, a mass storage device, e.g., a USB mass storage(UMS) device, a hard drive, an optical drive, a flash memory device, andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 104 may be connected todevices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168 via one or more USB interfaces 139supporting one or more data transfer rates. For example, device 104 maybe connected to one or more of devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168 via afirst USB interface 139 supporting a first data transfer rate, e.g., aUSB1.1 interface supporting a data transfer rate of 12 Mega bit persecond (Mbps), device 104 may be connected to one or more of devices162, 164, 166 and/or 168 via a second USB interface 139 supporting asecond data transfer rate, e.g., a USB2 interface supporting a data rateof 480 Mbps, and/or device 104 may be connected to one or more ofdevices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168 via a third USB interface 139supporting a third data transfer rate, e.g., a USB3 interface supportinga data transfer rate of up to 4.8 Giga bit per second (Gbps).

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 104 may include a hub 132,e.g., a USB hub, to connect between device 104 and one or more ofdevices 162, 164, 166 and 168. Additionally or alternatively, device 104may be connected to one or more of devices 162, 164, 166 and 168 via anyUSB tree, which may include, for example, one or more USB hubs 142. Forexample, device 102 may include, or may be connected to, one or more USBports, and each USB port may be connected to a USB device or be extendedto several ports via USB hub 132 and/or USB hub 142.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168 mayperform the functionality of one or more Endpoints (EPs). For example, aUSB device may perform the functionality of one EP or more than one EP.In one example, device 162 may perform the functionality of an EP 134,device 164 may perform the functionality of an EP 135 and an EP 136,device 166 may perform the functionality of an EP 138, and/or device 168may perform the functionality of an EP 138.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a PALcommunication unit 130, and device 104 may include a PAL communicationunit 131. PAL communication units 103 and 131 may be configured tomanage a PAL connection between devices 102 and 104 over link 103.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 104 may communicateover link 103 according to a WiGig protocol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 104 may be configuredfor communication of various dedicated services. For example, the WiGigtechnology is designed to carry multiple dedicated services, such asaudio-visual (A/V) and input output (I/O).

Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with reference tocommunicating a data stream including USB data over a wirelesscommunication link according to a WSE protocol. However, otherembodiments may be implemented with respect to communicating any othersuitable data over any other communication link, according to any othercommunication protocol and/or over any other layer or PAL.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may perform thefunctionality of a USB host and device 104 may perform the functionalityof a USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayperform the functionality of a WSE host and PAL communication unit 131may perform the functionality of a WSE device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication units 130 and 131may communicate USB traffic over the WSE PAL via link 103. The USBtraffic may include, for example, non-periodic (NP) traffic, e.g., bulkand/or control traffic, and/or periodic traffic, e.g., Isochronousand/or Interrupt traffic, which may be communicated by the EPs 134, 135,136, 138 and/or 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the USB traffic may include traffic(“USB IN”) delivered from the EPs the EPs 134, 135, 136, 138 and/or 140,via device 104, to device 102, and/or traffic (“USB OUT”) delivered fromdevice 102, via device 104, to the EPs the EPs 134, 135, 136, 138 and/or140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the USB PAL may enable transport ofUSB data over media other than USB cable, for example, wireless links,e.g., Wi-Fi or WiGig links, or wired links, e.g., Ethernet. The USB PALmay directly interface with network interfaces 110 and 120, e.g., toreplace a network layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model,or may be an IP application, interfacing with an IP (e.g., TCP/IP orUDP/IP) stack.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and PALcommunication unit 131 may be configured to enable media-agnosticconnectivity of a PAL between devices 102 and 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and PALcommunication unit 131 may be configured to enable connectivity of thePAL between devices 102 and 104 over a wireless communication link, forexample, a WiGig link, e.g., as described below. However, in otherembodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and PAL communication unit 131may be configured to enable media-agnostic connectivity of the PALbetween devices 102 and 104 over any other medium, for example, a Wi-Filink, an IP link, e.g., internet, Ethernet, over wire or wireless, andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments the USB PAL may replace a USB physicalcable.

For example, PAL communication units 130 and 131 may be configured tointerface, e.g., over link 103, between USB host logic, for example, aUSB driver at a host platform, e.g., a USB device interface (USBDI) ofdevice 102, and a USB controller of device 104.

According to this example, the combination of PAL communication unit130, network interface 110, network interface 120, and PAL communicationunit 131 may be configured to replace and/or emulate the USB physicalcable for connecting between a host device, e.g., device 102, and a USBdevice, e.g., included by or connected to device 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and/or PALcommunication unit 131 may be configured to enable bus specificfunctions, e.g., a disconnect function, for example, in a media agnosticUSB, e.g., which may configured to replace the USB cable for connectingbetween devices 102 and 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in media agnostic USB, there mayexist a PAL session, e.g., a wireless session, between PAL communicationunit 130 and PAL communication unit 131, e.g., in addition to a USBspecified session between the USB host logic of device 102 and every USBdevice under control of the USB host logic, e.g., devices 162, 164, 166and/or 168.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 maycommunicate with PAL communication unit 131 during a session (“WSEsession”) between the WSE device and WSE host.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayperform host functions specific to media agnostic USB including, forexample, creating PAL messages and interfaces with lower layers, e.g.,transport, data link, and/or MAC layers. PAL communication unit 131 maybe a counterpart of PAL communication unit 130, and may, for example,manages the interactions with the USB devices, e.g., which may be“behind” PAL communication unit 131.

In some demonstrative embodiments, link 103 between PAL communicationunit 130 and PAL communication unit 131 may be disconnected.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and/or PALcommunication unit 131, may be configured to tear down the session,e.g., the WSE session, between PAL communication units 130 and 131according to a tear down procedure, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the link 103 between PALcommunication unit 130 and PAL communication unit 131 may bedisconnected by an implicit tear down, for example, as a result of theloss of the wireless communication connectivity between devices 102 and104. For example, the link 103 between devices 102 and 104 may bedisconnected, e.g., due to device 102 and/or device 104 moving out ofrange of one another.

In one example, an implicit tear down of a WSE session between a WSEhost, e.g., device 102, and a WSE device, e.g., device 104, may occur,for example, when the communication between the WSE host and the WSEdevice is inhibited.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the communication link 103 betweenPAL communication unit 130 and PAL communication unit 131 may bedisconnected by an explicit tear down.

In one example, an explicit tear down of a WSE session between a WSEhost, e.g., device 102, and a WSE device, e.g., device 104, may occur,for example, when the WSE host and/or WSE device chooses to tear downthe WSE session. For example, the explicit tear down may occur when auser of device 102 and/or when a user of device 104 performs a platformspecific operation to indicate the session tear down.

In one example, a WSE host, e.g., PAL communication unit 130, maytrigger disconnection of a WSE device, e.g., PAL communication unit 131,and, consequently, the USB device(s) behind the WSE device.

In another example, the WSE device may trigger the disconnection fromthe WSE host.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a solution for supporting disconnectover media other than USB cable, may define mechanisms for communicatingthe intention of the host to remove a specific USB device. Such asolution may lack a mechanism for dismantling the session between thehost PAL and the device PAL.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the device PAL and/or Host PAL may beconfigured to utilize a disconnection mechanism for dismantling thesession between the host PAL and the device PAL.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be utilized to provide a solution,e.g., a comprehensive solution, for dismantling the session between thedevice PAL and the host PAL, e.g., for media-agnostic USB.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and/or PALcommunication unit 131 may be configured to utilize one or moremechanisms for implicit and/or explicit teardown of the session, e.g.,WSE session, between the host USB PAL and the device USB PAL.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a first PAL communication unitcommunicating with a second PAL communication unit over a PAL sessionbetween the first and second PAL communication units may be configuredto tear down the PAL session between the PAL communication units, e.g.,as described in detail below. In one example, the first PALcommunication unit may include PAL communication unit 130 and the secondPAL communication unit may include PAL communication unit 131. Inanother example, the first PAL communication unit may include PALcommunication unit 131 and the second PAL communication unit may includePAL communication unit 130.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication units 130 and/or131 may be configured to initiate an implicit tear down of the sessionresponsive to a loss of connection over communication link 103.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayemulate to device 102 a disconnection between the devices 102 and 104;and/or PAL communication unit 131 may emulate to device 104 adisconnection between the devices 102 and 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 maylocally handle actions from device 102 resulting from the emulateddisconnection; and/or PAL communication unit 131 may locally handleactions from device 104 resulting from the emulated disconnection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayperform the functionality of the WSE host, which may emulate to a USBhost of device 102 an event representing a disconnection of a USBdevice. The emulated event may include, for example, an emulated portstatus change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from aroot port, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 131 mayperform the functionality of the WSE device, which may emulate to a USBdevice, e.g., hub 132 and/or devices 162, 164, 166 and/or 168, an eventrepresenting a removal of the USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication units 130 and/or131 may be configured to initiate an explicit tear down of the session,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the explicit tear down procedure mayinclude a host initiated tear down procedure, e.g., initiated by a USBhost of device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 maycommunicate with PAL communication unit 131 a disconnect request toexplicitly terminate the session, e.g., as described in detail below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 maycommunicate with PAL communication unit 131 a disconnect response, forexample, in response to the disconnect request, e.g., as described indetail below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 131 mayperform the functionality of a WSE device, and PAL communication unit130 may perform the functionality of a WSE host, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE device may receive from theWSE host a disconnect request to explicitly terminate the sessionbetween the WSE device and the WSE host. The WSE device may transmit tothe WSE host a disconnect response, e.g., in response to the disconnectrequest.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayemulate to device 102, e.g., to a USB host of device 102, an eventrepresenting a disconnection of a USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the emulated event may include anemulated port status change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USBdevice from a root port.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 131 maylocally handle port manipulation actions created as a result of theemulated port status change event.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayinitiate a device removal procedure for removal of the USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the explicit tear down procedure mayinclude a device initiated tear down procedure, e.g., initiated bydevice 104 and/or a USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 131 maytransmit to PAL communication unit 130 a disconnect notificationrequest, for example, subsequent to receiving an explicit WSE disconnecttrigger, e.g., from the USB device.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayreceive from PAL communication unit 131 the disconnect notification, andmay transmit to PAL communication unit 131 a response to acknowledge thedisconnect notification request.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 mayemulate a port status change event to a USB host of device 102, e.g.,subsequent to communication of the disconnect notification response.

In some demonstrative embodiments, PAL communication unit 130 and/or PALcommunication unit 131 clear all resources allocated for the session,e.g., as part of the implicit or explicit teardown procedure.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an implicit tear down mechanism, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or moreoperations of the mechanism of FIG. 2 may be performed by a WSE device204 and/or a WSE host 202 to tear down a session between WSE host 202and WSE device 204. For example, PAL communication unit 130 (FIG. 1) mayperform the functionality of the WSE host 202 and/or PAL communicationunit 131 (FIG. 1) may perform the functionality of the WSE device 204.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the implicit teardown may beinitiated locally, e.g., by the WSE host 202 and/or the WSE device 204.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the implicit tear down may beinitiated, for example, when either or both of the WSE host 202 and WSEdevice 204 detects loss of the communication link between the WSE host202 and WSE device 204, e.g., link 103 (FIG. 1); and/or when either orboth of the WSE host 202 and WSE device 204 is notified by a lowerlayers of the loss of the link, e.g., a host MAC layer 206 notifies theWSE host 202 of loss of the communication link and/or a device MAC layer208 notifies the WSE device 204 of loss of the communication link.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in the implicit session tear down theWSE host 202 may emulate, e.g., to USB host system software associatedwith a USBDI 210, a port status change event 212, which may beequivalent to unplugging of a wired USB device from one of the rootports.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 202 may locally handleone or more actions 214, e.g., all actions resulting from the portstatus change event. For example, WSE host 202 may receive, e.g., fromthe USB host system software, one or more USB events triggering one ormore actions corresponding to the emulated port status change. WSE host202 may be configured to locally handle the USB events, e.g., byemulating to the USB host any actions required to be performed by theUSB events, e.g., in accordance with the USB 2.0 and/or USB 3.0Specifications.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 202 may initiate USBdevice removal/disconnect by initiating a USB device removal event 216,e.g., following the port status change event.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 202 may locally handle218 one or more actions, e.g., all actions, resulting from the USBdevice removal event.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 202 may clear on or moreresources 220, e.g., all resources, allocated to the USB device 203and/or one or more resources, e.g., all resources, allocated to the WSEdevice 204.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE device 204 may be configuredto emulate USB device removal event 222, e.g., to the USB device 203.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE device 204 may be configuredto locally handle one or more actions 224, e.g., all actions,corresponding to the emulated USB device removal event.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE device 204 may clear on ormore resources 226, e.g., all resources, allocated to the session, whichis torn down.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a host-initiated tear down mechanism,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one ormore operations of the mechanism of FIG. 3 may be performed by a WSEdevice 304 and/or a WSE host 302 to tear down a session between WSE host302 and WSE device 304. For example, PAL communication unit 130 (FIG. 1)may perform the functionality of the WSE host 302 and/or PALcommunication unit 131 (FIG. 1) may perform the functionality of the WSEdevice 304.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the host-initiated tear down mayemulate and/or be equivalent to ejecting a USB device 303.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in the host-initiated session teardown, the dismantling of the session between WSE host 302 and WSE device304 may be initiated by a user or an application on a WSE host platformincluding the WSE host. For example, the host platform may indicate,e.g., via a USBDI 310, an explicit WSE disconnect trigger 305 to the WSEhost 302, to indicate that the USB device 303 is to be disconnected.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the trigger may prompt WSE host 302to emulate a port status change event 312, e.g., equivalent tounplugging of a wired USB device, e.g., device 303, from one of the rootports.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 302 may locally handleone or more actions 314, e.g., all actions, resulting from the portstatus change event, e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 2.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the WSE host 302 may initiate USBdevice removal/disconnect by initiating a USB device removal event 316,e.g., following the port status change event.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE host 302 and/or WSE device 304may be configured to perform a USB device removal procedure 317 toremove USB device 303, e.g., in response to the USB device removalevent.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the port status change may trigger theUSB device removal event and consequently the USB deviceremoval/disconnect procedure.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE host 302 may transmit aDisconnect Request (“WSE Device Disconnect Request”) message 320 to WSEdevice 304, e.g., following successful completion of the USB deviceremoval procedure by WSE host 302. The Disconnect Request message 320may indicate that the session between WSE host 302 and WSE device 304 isto be explicitly terminated.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE device 304 may transmit to WSEhost 302 a Disconnect Response (“WSE Device Disconnect Response”)message 322, e.g., in response to the Disconnect Request message 320.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE host 302 may clear one or moreresources 324, e.g., all resources, allocated to the USB device 303and/or WSE device 304, e.g., following receipt of the DisconnectResponse message 322. The resources may include, for example, handles,and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE device 304 may clear one or moreresources 326, e.g., all allocated resources, allocated for the session,for example, after successful transmission of the Disconnect Responsemessage 322.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a device-initiated tear down mechanism,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one ormore operations of the mechanism of FIG. 4 may be performed by a WSEdevice 404 and/or a WSE host 402 to tear down a session between WSE host402 and WSE device 404. For example, PAL communication unit 130 (FIG. 1)may perform the functionality of the WSE host 402 and/or PALcommunication unit 131 (FIG. 1) may perform the functionality of the WSEdevice 404.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the device-initiated tear down mayemulate and/or be equivalent to a user unplugging a USB device 403.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in the device initiated session teardown, WSE device 404 may notify WSE host 403 of the intention of WSEdevice 404 to dismantle the session.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE device 404 may transmit to WSEhost 402 a Disconnect Notification Request message 408.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE host 402 may transmit to WSEdevice 404 a Disconnect Notification Response message 410, e.g., inresponse to the Disconnect Notification Request message 408.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WSE host 402 may initiate the sessionteardown, e.g., following the communication of the receipt of theDisconnect Notification Response message 408. For example, as shown inFIG. 4 WSE host 402 and/or WSE device 404 may perform one or moreoperations of the tear down procedure described above with reference toFIG. 3.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a method oftearing down a PAL session, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In some embodiments, one or more of the operations of themethod of FIG. 5 may be performed by a system, e.g., system 100 (FIG.1); a device, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device 104 (FIG. 1); aPAL communication unit, e.g., PAL communication unit 130 (FIG. 1) and/orPAL communication unit 131 (FIG. 1); a WSE host, e.g., WSE host 202(FIG. 2), WSE host 302 (FIG. 3) and/or WSE host 402 (FIG. 2); and/or aWSE device, e.g., WSE device 204 (FIG. 2), WSE device 304 (FIG. 3),and/or WSE device 404 (FIG. 4).

As indicated at block 502, the method may include controlling a PALconnection, over a PAL, between a first device and a second device.

As indicated at block 504, controlling the PAL connection may includecommunicating during a session over a communication link between a firstPAL communication unit of the first device and a second PALcommunication unit of the second device. For example, PAL communicationunits 130 (FIGS. 1) and 131 (FIG. 1) may communicate over link 103 tocontrol a PAL connection between device 102 (FIGS. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 506, the method may include tearing down thesession according to a tear down procedure. For example, PALcommunication unit 130 (FIG. 1) and/or PAL communication unit 131(FIG. 1) may tear down the session, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 508, tearing down the session may includeinitiating an implicit tear down of the session responsive to a loss ofconnection over the communication link. For example, WSE host 202 (FIG.2) and/or WSE device 204 (FIG. 2) may implicitly tear down the session,e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 2.

As indicated at block 510, tearing down the session may include tearingdown the session according to an explicit tear down procedure.

As indicated at block 512, tearing down the session according to theexplicit tear down procedure may include tearing down the sessionaccording to a host-initiated explicit tear down procedure. For example,WSE host 302 (FIG. 3) and/or WSE device 304 (FIG. 3) may tear down thesession according to the mechanism of FIG. 3.

As indicated at block 514, tearing down the session according to theexplicit tear down procedure may include tearing down the sessionaccording to a device-initiated explicit tear down procedure. Forexample, WSE host 402 (FIG. 4) and/or WSE device 404 (FIG. 4) may teardown the session according to the mechanism of FIG. 4.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 600, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 600 may include a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium602 to store logic 604, which may be used, for example, to perform atleast part of the functionality of device 102 (FIG. 1), device 104 (FIG.1), PAL communication unit 130 (FIG. 1), and/or PAL communication unit131 (FIG. 1), to perform one or more of the operations of the teardownmechanism of FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 4, and/or to perform one or moreoperations of the method of FIG. 5. The phrase “non-transitorymachine-readable medium” is directed to include all computer-readablemedia, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 600 and/or machine-readablestorage medium 602 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine-readable storage medium 602 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 604 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 604 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 is an apparatus comprising a first Protocol Adaptation Layer(PAL) communication unit to control a PAL connection, over a PAL,between a first device and a second device, the first PAL communicationunit is to control the PAL connection during a session with a second PALcommunication unit over communication link, the PAL may be above a datalink layer, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to tear down thesession according to a tear down procedure.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit is to initiate an implicit teardown of the session responsive to a loss of connection over thecommunication link.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit is to emulate to the firstdevice a disconnection between the first and second devices.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 3 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit is to locally handle actionsfrom the first device resulting from the emulated disconnection.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 3 or 4 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a PAL host, the PALhost is to emulate to the first device an event representing adisconnection of the second device from the first device.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of Example 2 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the WSE host is to emulate to aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing a disconnection ofa USB device.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of Example 6 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to locally handle port manipulation actionscreated as a result of the emulated port status change event.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 6-8 andoptionally, wherein the WSE host is to initiate a device removal eventfor removal of the USB device.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 9 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to locally handle actions resulting from thedevice removal event.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 2 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the WSE device is to emulate to aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) device an event representing a removal of theUSB device.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11 and optionally,wherein the WSE device is to locally handle USB removal actionsresulting from the emulated event.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of Example 2 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the WSE host is to emulate to aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing a disconnection ofa USB device, wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated portstatus change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from aroot port, wherein the WSE host is to locally handle port manipulationactions created as a result of the emulated port status change event,wherein the WSE host is to initiate a device removal event for removalof the USB device, and wherein the WSE host is to locally handle actionsresulting from the device removal event.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of Example 2 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the WSE device is to emulate to aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) device an event representing a removal of theUSB device, and wherein the WSE device is to locally handle USB removalactions resulting from the emulated event.

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14 andoptionally, wherein the tear down procedure comprises an explicit teardown procedure.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of Example 15 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit is to communicate with thesecond PAL communication unit a disconnect request to explicitlyterminate the session, and to communicate with the second PALcommunication unit a disconnect response, the disconnect response inresponse to the disconnect request.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of Example 15 or 16 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises aWireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the WSE deviceis to receive from a WSE host a disconnect request to explicitlyterminate the session, and to transmit to the WSE host a disconnectresponse, the disconnect response in response to the disconnect request.

Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 15 or 16 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises aWireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the WSE host is toemulate to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing adisconnection of a USB device.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to locally handle port manipulation actionscreated as a result of the emulated port status change event.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to initiate a device removal procedure forremoval of the USB device.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 15 or 16 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises aWireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the WSE host is toemulate to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing adisconnection of a USB, wherein the emulated event comprises an emulatedport status change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB devicefrom a root port, wherein the WSE host is to locally handle portmanipulation actions created as a result of the emulated port statuschange event, and wherein the WSE host is to initiate a device removalprocedure for removal of the USB device.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 18-22 andoptionally, wherein the WSE host is to transmit to a WSE device adisconnect request to explicitly terminate the session, and to receivefrom the WSE device a disconnect response, the disconnect response inresponse to the disconnect request.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-23 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a hostinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-23 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a deviceinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the WSE host is to receive adisconnect notification request from a WSE device, to transmit to theWSE device a disconnect notification response to acknowledge thedisconnect notification request, and subsequent to communication of thedisconnect notification response to emulate a port status change eventto a Universal Serial Bus (USB) host.

Example 27 includes the subject matter of Example 25 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein subsequent toreceiving an explicit WSE disconnect trigger, the WSE device is totransmit to a WSE host a disconnect notification request, and to receivefrom the WSE host a disconnect notification response to acknowledge thedisconnect notification request.

Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-27 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to clear allresources allocated for the session.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-28 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to perform thefunctionality of Universal Serial Bus (USB) PAL selected from the groupconsisting of a host USB PAL and a device USB PAL.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-29 andoptionally, wherein the communication link comprises a wirelesscommunication link, and the apparatus comprising at least one antenna tocommunicate over the wireless communication link.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 30 and optionally,wherein the wireless communication link comprises a wireless gigabit(WiGig) link.

Example, 32 includes a product including a non-transitory storage mediumhaving stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a machine,result in controlling a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) connection, overa PAL, between a first device and a second device, the controllingcomprises communicating during a session over a communication linkbetween a first PAL communication unit of the first device and a secondPAL communication unit of the second device, the PAL is above a datalink layer; and tearing down the session according to a tear downprocedure.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of Example 32 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises initiating an implicit teardown of the session responsive to a loss of connection over thecommunication link.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises emulating to the first devicea disconnection between the first and second devices.

Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in locally handling actions from thefirst device resulting from the emulated disconnection.

Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 34 or 35 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a PALhost, and wherein the emulating comprises emulating to the first devicean event representing a disconnection of the second device from thefirst device.

Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host anevent representing a disconnection of a USB device.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 38 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in locally handling port manipulationactions created as a result of the emulated port status change event.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 37-39 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in initiating a deviceremoval event for removal of the USB device.

Example 41 includes the subject matter of Example 40 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in locally handling actions resultingfrom the device removal event.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, wherein tearing down the sessioncomprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an eventrepresenting a disconnection of a USB device, and wherein the emulatedevent comprises an emulated port status change event equivalent tounplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device anevent representing a removal of the USB device.

Example 44 includes the subject matter of Example 43 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in locally handling by the WSE deviceUSB removal actions resulting from the emulated event.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device anevent representing a removal of the USB device, and locally handling bythe WSE device USB removal actions resulting from the emulated event.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of Example 31 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure, and wherein theinstructions result in communicating between the first PAL communicationunit and the second PAL communication unit a disconnect request toexplicitly terminate the session, and communicating between the firstPAL communication unit and the second PAL communication unit adisconnect response, the disconnect response in response to thedisconnect request.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 31 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure.

Example 48 includes the subject matter of Example 47 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in communicating between the first PALcommunication unit and the second PAL communication unit a disconnectrequest to explicitly terminate the session, and communicating betweenthe first PAL communication unit and the second PAL communication unit adisconnect response, the disconnect response in response to thedisconnect request.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 47 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the instructions result inreceiving from a WSE host a disconnect request to explicitly terminatethe session, and transmitting to the WSE host a disconnect response, thedisconnect response in response to the disconnect request.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 47 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the instructions result inemulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing adisconnection of a USB device.

Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 50 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of Example 51 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in locally handling port manipulationactions created as a result of the emulated port status change event.

Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 52 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in initiating a device removal procedurefor removal of the USB device.

Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 47 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the instructions result inemulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing adisconnection of a USB, wherein the emulated event comprises an emulatedport status change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB devicefrom a root port, locally handling port manipulation actions created asa result of the emulated port status change event, and initiating adevice removal procedure for removal of the USB device.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 47-54 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a hostinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 47-54 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a deviceinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of Example 56 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the instructions result inreceiving by the WSE host a disconnect notification request from a WSEdevice, transmitting to the WSE device a disconnect notificationresponse to acknowledge the disconnect notification request, andsubsequent to communication of the disconnect notification responseemulating a port status change event to a Universal Serial Bus (USB)host.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 56 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein the instructionsresult in, subsequent to receiving an explicit WSE disconnect trigger,transmitting form the WSE device to a WSE host a disconnect notificationrequest, and receiving from the WSE host a disconnect notificationresponse to acknowledge the disconnect notification request.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 32-58 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in the first PALcommunication unit clearing all resources allocated for the session.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 32-59 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to perform thefunctionality of Universal Serial Bus (USB) PAL selected from the groupconsisting of a host USB PAL and a device USB PAL.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 32-60 andoptionally, wherein the communication link comprises a wirelesscommunication link.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of Example 61 and optionally,wherein the wireless communication link comprises a wireless gigabit(WiGig) link.

Example 63 includes a communication method comprising controlling aProtocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) connection, over a PAL, between a firstdevice and a second device, the controlling comprises communicatingduring a session over a communication link between a first PALcommunication unit of the first device and a second PAL communicationunit of the second device, the PAL is above a data link layer; andtearing down the session according to a tear down procedure.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises initiating an implicit teardown of the session responsive to a loss of connection over thecommunication link.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises emulating to the first devicea disconnection between the first and second devices.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 65 and optionally,comprising locally handling actions from the first device resulting fromthe emulated disconnection.

Example 67 includes the subject matter of Example 65 or 66 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a PALhost, and wherein the emulating comprises emulating to the first devicean event representing a disconnection of the second device from thefirst device.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 64 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host anevent representing a disconnection of a USB device.

Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 68 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of Example 69 and optionally,comprising locally handling port manipulation actions created as aresult of the emulated port status change event.

Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 68-70 andoptionally, comprising initiating a device removal event for removal ofthe USB device.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 71 and optionally,comprising locally handling actions resulting from the device removalevent.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 64 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, wherein tearing down the sessioncomprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an eventrepresenting a disconnection of a USB device, and wherein the emulatedevent comprises an emulated port status change event equivalent tounplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 74 includes the subject matter of Example 64 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device anevent representing a removal of the USB device.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 74 and optionally,comprising locally handling by the WSE device USB removal actionsresulting from the emulated event.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 64 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, and wherein tearing down thesession comprises emulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device anevent representing a removal of the USB device, and locally handling bythe WSE device USB removal actions resulting from the emulated event.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 62 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure, the explicit tear downprocedure comprising communicating between the first PAL communicationunit and the second PAL communication unit a disconnect request toexplicitly terminate the session, and communicating between the firstPAL communication unit and the second PAL communication unit adisconnect response, the disconnect response in response to thedisconnect request.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of Example 62 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure.

Example 79 includes the subject matter of Example 78 and optionally,comprising communicating between the first PAL communication unit andthe second PAL communication unit a disconnect request to explicitlyterminate the session, and communicating between the first PALcommunication unit and the second PAL communication unit a disconnectresponse, the disconnect response in response to the disconnect request.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 78 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the method comprising receivingfrom a WSE host a disconnect request to explicitly terminate thesession, and transmitting to the WSE host a disconnect response, thedisconnect response in response to the disconnect request.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 78 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the method comprising emulating toa Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing a disconnectionof a USB device.

Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 81 and optionally,wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port status changeevent equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a root port.

Example 83 includes the subject matter of Example 82 and optionally,comprising locally handling port manipulation actions created as aresult of the emulated port status change event.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83 and optionally,comprising initiating a device removal procedure for removal of the USBdevice.

Example 85 includes the subject matter of Example 78 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the method comprising emulating toa Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing a disconnectionof a USB, wherein the emulated event comprises an emulated port statuschange event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from a rootport, locally handling port manipulation actions created as a result ofthe emulated port status change event, and initiating a device removalprocedure for removal of the USB device.

Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-85 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a hostinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 78-85 andoptionally, wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a deviceinitiated tear down procedure.

Example 88 includes the subject matter of Example 87 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, the method comprising receiving bythe WSE host a disconnect notification request from a WSE device,transmitting to the WSE device a disconnect notification response toacknowledge the disconnect notification request, and subsequent tocommunication of the disconnect notification response emulating a portstatus change event to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) host.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 87 and optionally,wherein the first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, the method comprising, subsequentto receiving an explicit WSE disconnect trigger, transmitting form theWSE device to a WSE host a disconnect notification request, andreceiving from the WSE host a disconnect notification response toacknowledge the disconnect notification request.

Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-89 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in the first PALcommunication unit clearing all resources allocated for the session.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-90 andoptionally, wherein the first PAL communication unit is to perform thefunctionality of Universal Serial Bus (USB) PAL selected from the groupconsisting of a host USB PAL and a device USB PAL.

Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 63-91 andoptionally, wherein the communication link comprises a wirelesscommunication link.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of Example 92 and optionally,wherein the wireless communication link comprises a wireless gigabit(WiGig) link.

Example 94 includes a method comprising controlling a ProtocolAdaptation Layer (PAL) connection, over a PAL, between a first deviceand a second device, the controlling comprises communicating during asession over a communication link between a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig)Serial Extension (WSE) host and a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) SerialExtension (WSE) device; and tearing down the session according to a teardown procedure.

Example 95 includes the subject matter of Example 94 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises initiating an implicit teardown of the session responsive to a loss of connection between the WSEhost and the WSE device, and wherein initiating the implicit tear downcomprises emulating a disconnection between the first and seconddevices, and locally handling actions resulting from the emulateddisconnection.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 94 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure selected from the groupconsisting of a host-initiated session tear down and a device-initiatedsession tear down.

Example 97 includes the subject matter of Example 96 and optionally,comprising communicating between the WSE host and the WSE device adisconnect request to explicitly terminate the session, andcommunicating between the WSE host and the WSE device a disconnectresponse, the disconnect response in response to the disconnect request.

Example 98 includes a wireless communication system comprising aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) host; and a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) SerialExtension (WSE) host to communicate with a WSE device during a WSEsession to provide Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) connectivity betweena first device and a second device over a communication link between theWSE host and WSE device, wherein the WSE host is to tear down thesession according to a tear down procedure.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to emulate to the Universal-Serial Bus (USB)host an event representing a disconnection of a USB device, wherein theemulated event comprises an emulated port status change event equivalentto unplugging a wired USB device from a root port, wherein the WSE hostis to locally handle port manipulation actions created as a result ofthe emulated port status change event, wherein the WSE host is toinitiate a device removal event for removal of the USB device, andwherein the WSE host is to locally handle actions resulting from thedevice removal event.

Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 98 and optionally,wherein the WSE host is to receive a disconnect notification requestfrom the WSE device, and to transmit to the WSE device a disconnectnotification response to acknowledge the disconnect notificationrequest.

Example 101 includes a system comprising a Universal-Serial Bus (USB)device; and a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device tocommunicate with a WSE host during a WSE session to provide ProtocolAdaptation Layer (PAL) connectivity between a first device and a seconddevice over a communication link between the WSE host and WSE device,wherein the WSE device is to tear down the session according to a teardown procedure.

Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101 and optionally,wherein the WSE device is to emulate to the USB device an eventrepresenting a removal of the USB device, and wherein the WSE device isto locally handle USB removal actions resulting from the emulated event.

Example 103 includes the subject matter of Example 101 and optionally,wherein the WSE device is to receive from the WSE host a disconnectrequest to explicitly terminate the session, and to transmit to the WSEhost a disconnect response, the disconnect response in response to thedisconnect request.

Example, 104 includes a communication apparatus comprising means formeans for controlling a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) connection, overa PAL, between a first device and a second device, the controllingcomprises communicating during a session over a communication linkbetween a first PAL communication unit of the first device and a secondPAL communication unit of the second device, the PAL is above a datalink layer; and means for tearing down the session according to a teardown procedure.

Example 105 includes the subject matter of Example 104 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises initiating an implicit teardown of the session responsive to a loss of connection over thecommunication link.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 104 and optionally,wherein tearing down the session comprises tearing down the sessionaccording to an explicit tear down procedure.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 104 and optionally,wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a host initiated teardown procedure.

Example 108 includes the subject matter of Example 104 and optionally,wherein the explicit tear down procedure comprises a device initiatedtear down procedure.

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manyvariations, modifications, substitutions, changes, additions,improvements and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. Itis, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended tocover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spiritof the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a first ProtocolAdaptation Layer (PAL) communication unit to control a PAL connection,over a PAL, between a first device and a second device, said first PALcommunication unit is to control said PAL connection during a sessionwith a second PAL communication unit over a communication link, said PALis above a data link layer, wherein said first PAL communication unit isto tear down said session according to a tear down procedure.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein said first PAL communication unit is toinitiate an implicit tear down of said session responsive to a loss ofconnection over said communication link.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein said first PAL communication unit is to emulate to said firstdevice a disconnection between the first and second devices.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 3, wherein said first PAL communication unit is tolocally handle actions from said first device resulting from saidemulated disconnection.
 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said firstPAL communication unit comprises a PAL host, said PAL host is to emulateto said first device an event representing a disconnection of saidsecond device from said first device.
 6. The apparatus of claim 2,wherein said first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, said WSE host is to emulate to aUniversal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing a disconnection ofa USB device, wherein said emulated event comprises an emulated portstatus change event equivalent to unplugging a wired USB device from aroot port, wherein said WSE host is to locally handle port manipulationactions created as a result of said emulated port status change event,wherein said WSE host is to initiate a device removal event for removalof said USB device, and wherein said WSE host is to locally handleactions resulting from said device removal event.
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 2, wherein said first PAL communication unit comprises aWireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, said WSE deviceis to emulate to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device an eventrepresenting a removal of said USB device, and wherein said WSE deviceis to locally handle USB removal actions resulting from the emulatedevent.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tear down procedurecomprises an explicit tear down procedure.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8,wherein said first PAL communication unit is to communicate with thesecond PAL communication unit a disconnect request to explicitlyterminate said session, and to communicate with the second PALcommunication unit a disconnect response, said disconnect response inresponse to said disconnect request.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8,wherein said first PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit(WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device, said WSE device is to receivefrom a WSE host a disconnect request to explicitly terminate saidsession, and to transmit to said WSE host a disconnect response, saiddisconnect response in response to said disconnect request.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein said first PAL communication unitcomprises a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host, saidWSE host is to emulate to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an eventrepresenting a disconnection of a USB, wherein said emulated eventcomprises an emulated port status change event equivalent to unplugginga wired USB device from a root port, wherein said WSE host is to locallyhandle port manipulation actions created as a result of said emulatedport status change event, and wherein said WSE host is to initiate adevice removal procedure for removal of said USB device.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 11, wherein said WSE host is to transmit to a WSEdevice a disconnect request to explicitly terminate said session, and toreceive from said WSE device a disconnect response, said disconnectresponse in response to said disconnect request.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein said explicit tear down procedure comprises a hostinitiated tear down procedure.
 14. The apparatus of claim 8, whereinsaid explicit tear down procedure comprises a device initiated tear downprocedure.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said first PALcommunication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension(WSE) host, said WSE host is to receive a disconnect notificationrequest from a WSE device, to transmit to said WSE device a disconnectnotification response to acknowledge said disconnect notificationrequest, and subsequent to communication of said disconnect notificationresponse to emulate a port status change event to a Universal Serial Bus(USB) host.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said first PALcommunication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension(WSE) device, and wherein subsequent to receiving an explicit WSEdisconnect trigger, said WSE device is to transmit to a WSE host adisconnect notification request, and to receive from said WSE host adisconnect notification response to acknowledge said disconnectnotification request.
 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidcommunication link comprises a wireless communication link, theapparatus comprising at least one antenna to communicate over saidwireless communication link.
 18. A product including a non-transitorystorage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed bya machine, result in: controlling a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL)connection, over a PAL, between a first device and a second device, saidcontrolling comprises communicating during a session over acommunication link between a first PAL communication unit of said firstdevice and a second PAL communication unit of said second device, saidPAL is above a data link layer; and tearing down said session accordingto a tear down procedure.
 19. The product of claim 18, wherein tearingdown said session comprises initiating an implicit tear down of saidsession responsive to a loss of connection over said communication link.20. The product of claim 19, wherein tearing down said session comprisesemulating to said first device a disconnection between the first andsecond devices.
 21. The product of claim 20, wherein said instructionsresult in locally handling actions from said first device resulting fromsaid emulated disconnection.
 22. The product of claim 19, wherein saidfirst PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) SerialExtension (WSE) host, wherein tearing down said session comprisesemulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) host an event representing adisconnection of a USB device, and wherein said emulated event comprisesan emulated port status change event equivalent to unplugging a wiredUSB device from a root port.
 23. The product of claim 19, wherein saidfirst PAL communication unit comprises a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) SerialExtension (WSE) device, and wherein tearing down said session comprisesemulating to a Universal-Serial Bus (USB) device an event representing aremoval of said USB device, and locally handling by said WSE device USBremoval actions resulting from the emulated event.
 24. The product ofclaim 18, wherein tearing down said session comprises tearing down saidsession according to an explicit tear down procedure, and wherein saidinstructions result in communicating between said first PALcommunication unit and the second PAL communication unit a disconnectrequest to explicitly terminate said session, and communicating betweensaid first PAL communication unit and the second PAL communication unita disconnect response, said disconnect response in response to saiddisconnect request.
 25. The product of claim 24, wherein said explicittear down procedure comprises a host initiated tear down procedure. 26.The product of claim 24, wherein said explicit tear down procedurecomprises a device initiated tear down procedure.
 27. A methodcomprising: controlling a Protocol Adaptation Layer (PAL) connection,over a PAL, between a first device and a second device, said controllingcomprises communicating during a session over a communication linkbetween a Wireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) host and aWireless-Gigabit (WiGig) Serial Extension (WSE) device; and tearing downsaid session according to a tear down procedure.
 28. The method of claim27, wherein tearing down said session comprises initiating an implicittear down of said session responsive to a loss of connection betweensaid WSE host and said WSE device, and wherein initiating said implicittear down comprises emulating a disconnection between the first andsecond devices, and locally handling actions resulting from saidemulated disconnection.
 29. The method of claim 27, wherein tearing downsaid session comprises tearing down said session according to anexplicit tear down procedure selected from the group consisting of ahost-initiated session tear down and a device-initiated session teardown.
 30. The method of claim 29 comprising communicating between saidWSE host and the WSE device a disconnect request to explicitly terminatesaid session, and communicating between said WSE host and said WSEdevice a disconnect response, said disconnect response in response tosaid disconnect request.